| Absorption
Commonly
known as suction rate. The amount of water absorbed
when a dry brick is immersed to a depth of 3mm for a
period of one minute.
Absorption-
water
The
amount of water the brick will absorb when immersed
in either cold or boiling water for a specific length
of lime. It is expressed as a percentage of weight of
the dry brick.
Additives
A broad term that encompasses
all of the ingredients added to an emulsion to impart
certain properties that improve the performance or properties
of this emulsion.
Anchor
See also TIE. A piece or connected pieces
of metal used to attach building parts, such as plates
or joists, to masonry materials. Also describes the
attachment of masonry to the building structure.
Arch
A structural space used
to span openings or recesses. Structurally, an arch
is a component or assembly of components arranged over
an opening so that the supported load is resolved into
pressures on the side supports.
Auto
ignition
The temperature at atmospheric pressure
that the vapor will ignite spontaneously.
Average porosity masonry
Masonry with cold water absorption of
approximately 6-10%
Bagged Brickwork
A rough method of finishing
brickwork. Usually used in preparation for a painted
finish by applying thin, sloppy mortar with a hessian
bag or similar material.
Bat
A piece of cut or broken
brick; also known as half brick.
Boiling
Range
A
range of temperatures that mark the onset of boiling.
Bone
Tying the various parts
of a brick wall by lapping one brick over another. The
adhesion of the mortar to the bricks is also referred
to as the Bond. The term Bond is also used to describe
the various patterns formed by the exposed faces of
the bricks.
Colonial Bond:
Three courses of STRETCHERS followed by one course of
HEADERS.
English Bond: Alternate stretcher and
header courses.
Flemish Bond: Alternate stretchers
and headers in each course.
Garden Wall Bond: Three stretchers to one header
in each course.
Slack Bond: Stretchers laid above the other
with perpendiculars in line.
Stretcher Bond: All stretchers, except where
the header is needed to complete a course. Also called
a Half Bond.
Breathing
In this regard it means allowing air
and water vapor carried in air to pass through its pores.
Brick
A solid or perforated
unit of clay formed into a rectangular prism and hardened
by a firing process. The size of the brick is limited
by the following:
Its length shall not be less than 1.5
times its width and not more then 390mm.
Its height shall not be greater than
60 percent of its length.
These provisions do not apply to bricks
cut or purpose-made to complete a bond.
Air Brick: Terra
cotta or similar fired clay brick built info walls to
allow circulation of air through walls.
Base Course Bricks:
A brick with one edge bevel led allowing a neat reduction
in wall thickness.
Clinker Brick:
A hard, bloated and sometimes distorted looking brick.
This is caused by the brick being burnt almost to the
point of complete vitrification.
Common Brick:
Any brick not treated for special texture or color variations,
and made primarily for the purpose of building. Also
used to describe reject facing bricks used in non visible
part of a wall.
Dough-Boy (or callow):
An unfired clay brick.
Extruded Brick:
Made by forcing a continuous column of clay with an
14 -25% moisture content through a die. The clay is
then wire cut to the required length.
Fire Brick: Made
from refractory ceramic material which is able to withstand
high temperatures.
Facing Brick:
Made primarily for use in facing walls. The bricks used
in the Austral Mediterranean Collection are facing bricks.
Hard-Fired/Burned: A
term specific to high temperature fired bricks. This
produces low water absorption and high compressive strength.
Brick on Edge
Construction
A wall constructed where
traditional size bricks are laid on their narrow edge,
normally with the visible face rendered.
Bricky's sand
Sand used for making
mortar. Contains a high proportion of clay that acts
as an mortar plasticizing agent.
Brick veneer
Construction where the
load-bearing structure is made of steel or timber frames
rather than brick. A single leaf of brickwork is used
for the exposed exterior of the building. The non-structural
brickwork is tied to the building.
Buttering
The act of placing mortar
on the full head of the brick before it’s laid.
Caulked
A flexible caulking that is inserted
over the expansion gap and expansion joint to keep weather
and insects out.
Chock
A piece of brick used
to fill a small hole.
Closer
A less than full-size
brick used to bring a wall to a vertical face.
Bevelled Closer:
A brick cut so as to have one end half the normal dimension
and full width the other end.
King Closer:
A brick with one comer cut off between the mid-points
of adjacent sides.
Queen Closer:
A brick which has been cut half longitudinally.
Coping
The material or bricks
used to form a finish or cap on top of a wall. This
will protect the brickwork below from water penetration
above.
Course
One of the continuous
horizontal layers of bricks which are bonded with mortar
to form the brickwork structure.
Dags
Lumps of hardened mortar left on the
brick face by untidy bricklaying.
Damp Course
A layer or course of impervious material
in a floor or wall to prevent the downward and upward
movement of moisture.
Decorative
contrast band
A band or course or several courses of
brickwork that is colored in a contrasting color to
that of the main brickwork for aesthetic reasons.
Efflorescence
The salty residue deposited or appearing
on the surface of masonry. It can be due to a number
of soluble salts moving from wet masonry to its dry
surface. The salts can be from the brickwork or from
the environment surrounding the brickwork, e.g., fertilizer
from garden beds, etc.
Expansion joint
A compressible expanded rubber or polymer
membrane inserted between panels of brickwork to allow
for brick expansion and thermal expansion of the brick
wall.
Face
The long surface of an exposed brick,
or the exposed surface of a wall.
Flash
Point
The temperature at which the vapor of
a liquid compound will ignite, at atmospheric pressure,
when exposed to a naked flame.
Footing
A specific part of a
structure designed to transfer loads to the foundation.
Foundation
The earth-supported
structural elements.
Full flush joint
The full flush joint is a full bed of
mortar (grout) approximately 10mm in thickness that
is cut off flush and level with the edges of the brick.
This joint is a standard finish for face quality brickwork.
Grout
In
unreinforced brickwork, mortar of a consistency such
that it will flow without segregating the materials
to be joined. In reinforced brickwork, a specially-made
material, like concrete, that will flow without segregation.
Hacking
Scarring the face of a brick surface
to provide a hold for an applied finish such as plaster.
Header
A brick laid with its
greatest dimension perpendicular to the face of the
wall.
Header course
A continuous bonding
course of header bricks.
Heritage
Buildings or dwellings of historic significance
and usually protected by local councils to preserve
the historic appearance of such buildings.
Infill
An infill is a contrasting panel of brickwork
in a wall that is either laid with different laying
bond or mortar finish or different colored bricks for
aesthetic reasons.
Joints
Flush Joint:
The mortar is scraped off flush with the brick face.
This is always used when a smooth finish is required.
This is the joint used for the Austral Bricks Mediterranean
Collection.
 |
| Flush
Joint Gray Mortar |
Raked
Joint: The mortar is raked
off about 8mm back from the face of the brick.
 |
| Raked
Joint White Mortar |
Rolled
Joint: A round, iron bar is drawn across the
wet mortar, smoothing the finish and creating a half-circle
indent.
 |
| Rolled
Joint Cream Mortar |
Struck
Joint: A trowel is used to remove the mortar
at a slight angle to the face of the brick.
 |
| Struck
Joint Off-white Mortar |
Leach
The action of water soluble impurities,
such as salts, that will be carried by water through a
porous structure. Moving through the porous structure
and then depositing on the other side or the dry side
of this structure when the water carrying the salt evaporates.
Lintel
A beam of various materials, including
reinforced brickwork, placed over the opening in a wall
to carry the superimposed weight above.
Masonry
The broad term that encompasses a masonry
unit being constructed into walls using a mortar to build
the walls. Masonry units include but are not limited to
clay brick, clay block, concrete brick, concrete block,
sandstone, granite, limestone, manufactured stone etc.
Mottle
A mixture of different shades of a color.
A mottle occurs naturally during the firing process of
clay bricks, especially in older kilns. A bricklayer can
also give a house or building an even look by mottling
the bricks prior to laying.
Mordants
Serving to fix colors in dyeing; a reagent,
such as tannic acid, that fixes dyes to cells, tissues,
or textiles or other materials.
Mortar
Grout or binding cement for brickwork laid
in beds between bricks and in perps between brick ends.
Mortar joint
The grout between the bricks once they
are laid. It is usually formulated with mixture between
white Portland cement and a light bricklayers sand graded
and blended to be suitable for use in bricklaying. The
mortar joint is designed to be off white or light cream
prior to Nawtint Application.
Pore structures the array of small, (microscopic in size),
interconnected and terminating cavities within the surface
of bricks, mortar and other masonry items. These microscopic
pores are flooded with the tinting emulsion during the
Nawtint application.
Neutralizing
compounds
Compounds with a high alkalinity that
when applied to masonry surface that have been treated
with acids etc., it will neutralize the masonry. Bring
its pH back to approximately pH 7 to 8.
Permanent brickwork
color tinting
The recoloring of masonry surfaces, such
as brickwork. This permanent tinting is effected by
application of a permanent masonry stain over clean
dry masonry. The dry masonry absorbs the stain into
its surface pore structures, whereby the binders in
the stain bond the colorants which are oxides to the
walls of these pores. The result is a final color change
to the surface of the masonry whilst its natural texture
and authentic brick and mortar look are retained.
QUV
A standard accelerated weatherometer
testing apparatus that is designed to assess and rank
the durability of a surface coating or finish with regards
to UV radiation.
Resin solids
The dry weight of the resin in the emulsion
of the Nawtint.
Rundown
When spraying on water repellent emulsions
this is the amount of distance the liquid excess runs
down the wall below the area being sprayed.
Run of kiln
Burned clay bricks from one kiln which
have not been sorted or graded.
Salt Attack /Damp
The fretting of brickwork caused by the
drying out on the surface of salts dissolved in the
water that is wetting the brickwork.
Sharp
The term used for sand that contains
little or no naturally occurring clays or silts. Such
sands are usually obtained from quarrying operations
on beaches and dunes, or on river beds or former river
beds. Sharp sands are not suitable for use in mortars
used with Nawtint applications by themselves without
modifications to the mortar mix.
Soldier
A brick laid on its
edge so that its greatest dimension is vertical.
Spec built
This is a dwelling or building constructed
by the builder or developer for the purpose of sale.
Stable
oxides
Oxides used in coloration rather than
dyes and synthesized colorants. These oxides are stable.
Stain
A liquid substance applied especially
to brick that penetrates the surface and imparts a rich
color. Painting and Staining are different terms. These
denote two different processes. The first is mechanical,
the other chiefly chemical. To paint a thing is to spread
a coat of coloring matter over it and hide its surface.
To stain a thing is to impart color to its substance.
To stain is said chiefly of solids, such as wood, glass,
brick, paper, etc. The first is commonly a simple process,
such as applying a wash. The other is more complex,
such as fixing colors by mordants.
Staggered Wall
A wait incorporating alternating left-hand
and right-hand returns. This is often used to increase
a wall's stability.
Stretcher
A brick with its greatest dimension parallel
to the lace of the wall.
String Course
A horizontal, narrow course of brickwork
that is molded and slightly projected from the rest
of the wall.
Substrate
The masonry surface, whether it be brick,
block, mortar, etc.
Tie-wall
Metal
used to attach two leaves of a cavity wall together
or to attach the single masonry leaf of brick-veneer
construction to its supporting frame.
Tuckpointing
Where the mortar projects as a fine edge
between the bricks. The joints are raked and joined
with mortar, and are usually colored to match the bricks.
A shallow groove approximately 8mm wide is formed in
the joints and the grooves are filled contrasting color
projecting 2 to 3mm.
Walls
Base Wall:
That portion of the wall below the level of the adjacent
grade or below the structure of the floor.
Bearing Wall:
A wall which supports a substantially vertical load
in addition to its own weight.
Cavity Wall: A
brick wall built so as to provide a continuous air space
at least 25mm wide, and rarely more than 110mm wide
within the wall. The facing and backing are tied together
with metal ties.
Dwarf Wall: A
wall or partition which does not meet the ceiling.
Exterior Wall:
Any outside wall or vertical enclosure.
Spandrel Wall:
That part of a wall above a window in one story, and
below the sill of a window in the story above.
Weathering
A sloping surface arranged to throw rainwater
clear of the face of lower brickwork.
Weepholes
These are intermittent spaced vacant
perp end joints (gaps between bricks laid side by side
where by mortar was deliberately left off the brick
during laying.) These gaps allow water to drain out
of the wall cavity at floor level if water inadvertently
were to enter the cavity between the brick wall and
the internal wall.
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